Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)

The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire used to measure the emotions of the respondent at the present moment or during the past few weeks. The items are grouped into the two subscales with 10 items each: positive affect and negative affect. This tool was developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen from the Southern Methodist University and University of Minnesota.

Constructs Being Measured
Primary: 
Psychological well-being
Secondary: 
Cognitive well-being
How to Access and Cite

Contact the Teach For All TACL team for more information on this resource.

Outcome Families
Well-being
Connectedness
Awareness
Agency
Mastery
Programmatic Purpose
Classroom-level data and feedback
Program-level monitoring and evaluation
Instrument Characteristics
Type of items: 

20 Likert-type items [5-point scale]

Original target population: 

Children to adults

Format: 
Self-report
Applicable Grade Levels
Pre-primary
Primary
Secondary
Post-secondary
Supporting Research

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. Ohio State University Salovey et al., 2003; Pollard & Davidson, 2001 Selligman, 2011; Kern, et al., 2016

Points to Consider

For more guidance on measuring student learning and best practices in adapting measurement tools to your contexts, check out the Portal page on Monitoring and Evaluation. You can also contact Alvin Vista (Knowledge Lead, Student Outcomes) and Robbie Dean (Director of Research) for specific questions.